Passivity and synchronization of coupled different dimensional delayed reaction-diffusion neural networks with dirichlet boundary conditions

Two types of coupled different dimensional delayed reaction-diffusion neural network (CDDDRDNN) models without and with parametric uncertainties are analyzed in this paper. On the one hand, passivity and synchronization of the raised network model with certain parameters are studied through exploiting some inequality techniques and Lyapunov stability theory, and some adequate conditions are established. On the other hand, the problems of robust passivity and robust synchronization of CDDDRDNNs with parameter uncertainties are solved. Finally, two numerical examples are given to testify the effectiveness of the derived passivity and synchronization conditions

Event-triggered passivity of multi-weighted coupled delayed reaction-diffusion memristive neural networks with fixed and switching topologies

This paper solves the event-triggered passivity problem for multiple-weighted coupled delayed reaction-diffusion memristive neural networks (MWCDRDMNNs) with fixed and switching topologies. On the one side, by designing appropriate event-triggered controllers, several passivity criteria for MWCDRDMNNs with fixed topology are derived based on the Lyapunov functional method and some inequality techniques. Moreover, some adequate conditions for ensuring asymptotical stability of the event-triggered passive network are presented. On the other side, we take the switching topology in network model into consideration, and investigate the event-triggered passivity and passivity-based synchronization for MWCDRDMNNs with switching topology. Finally, two examples with numerical simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results

Evaluation and comparison of computational tools for RNA-seq isoform quantification

Abstract Background Alternatively spliced transcript isoforms are commonly observed in higher eukaryotes. The expression levels of these isoforms are key for understanding normal functions in healthy tissues and the progression of disease states. However, accurate quantification of expression at the transcript level is limited with current RNA-seq technologies because of, for example, limited read length and the cost of deep sequencing. Results A large number of tools have been developed to tackle this problem, and we performed a comprehensive evaluation of these tools using both experimental and simulated RNA-seq datasets. We found that recently developed alignment-free tools are both fast and accurate. The accuracy of all methods was mainly influenced by the complexity of gene structures and caution must be taken when interpreting quantification results for short transcripts. Using TP53 gene simulation, we discovered that both sequencing depth and the relative abundance of different isoforms affect quantification accuracy Conclusions Our comprehensive evaluation helps data analysts to make informed choice when selecting computational tools for isoform quantification

MicroRNA-410 Reduces the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Inhibits Oxygen-Induced Retinal Neovascularization

<div><p>Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is an eye disease that can cause retinal detachment and even lead to blindness. RNV mainly occurs in the elderly population. The pathogenesis of RNV has been previously reported to be highly related to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and other angiogenic factors. It has also been reported that VEGFA and other factors associated with RNV could be regulated by certain microRNAs (miRNA), a group of small non-coding RNAs which are able to regulate the expression of many genes <i>in vivo</i>. Here, we demonstrate that the miRNA miR-410 is highly expressed in mice within two weeks after birth. miR-410 could suppress VEGFA expression through interaction with the 3′UTR of the VEGFA messenger RNA. Overexpressing a miR-410 mimic effectively suppresses VEGFA expression in various cell lines. Further experiments on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mice revealed that eye drops containing large amounts of miR-410 efficiently downregulate VEGFA expression, prevent retinal angiogenesis and effectively treat RNV. These results not only show the underlying mechanism of how miR-410 targets VEGFA but also provide a potential treatment strategy for RNV that might be used in the near future.</p></div

Sequences of miRNA-mimics.

<p>Sequences of miRNA-mimics.</p

miR-410 suppresses VEGFA expression through binding to the 3′UTR of VEGFA mRNA.

<p>A. Co-immunoprecipitation assay for VEGFA in the retinas of newborn mice. VEGFA mRNA in the retinas of newborn mice bound to AGO1, the core component of RISC, indicating a regulatory role of miRNAs in VEGFA expression in these tissues. <b>B</b>. Bioinformatic analysis of the VEGFA mRNA sequence. Three miRNAs were specifically complementary to the 3′UTR of VEGFA mRNA among 177 miRNAs that were highly expressed in newborn mice. <b>C</b>. qPCR analysis for VEGFA expression after the three miRNAs mimics were transfected into HUVECs and HRCECs. VEGFA expression was suppressed by miR-410 at the molecular level compared with miR-200b and miR-590-5p transfection. *P<0.05 <b>D</b>. Western blot assay for VEGFA expression after the three miRNAs mimics were transfected into HUVECs and HRCECs. VEGFA expression was suppressed by miR-410 at the protein level. <b>E</b>. Luciferase reporter gene experiment on HUVECs and HRCECs after transfection with miR-410 and miR-410-Mut. Luminescence of the reporter gene in cells transfected with miR-410 was much lower compared with the mutated group. *P<0.05.</p

Overexpression of miR-410 efficiently inhibits neovascularization in mice retinas by effectively suppressing VEGFA expression.

<p>A. HE staining of proliferative neovascularization in murine retinal tissues. <b>1</b>: control mice; <b>2</b>: OIR mice; <b>3</b>: OIR mice with pLKO-mock intravitreal injection; <b>4</b>: OIR mice with pLKO-miR-410 intravitreal injection; <b>5</b>: OIR mice with pLKO-mock eye drops; <b>6</b>: OIR mice with pLKO-miR-410 eye drops. miR-410 administration either through direct intravitreal injection or eye drops effectively inhibits retinal revascularization. <b>B</b>. Statistical analysis of PRNN showed that administering eye drops containing pLKO-miR-410 to OIR mice could effectively inhibit retinal neovascularization (Left panel). <b>C</b>. Local intravitreal injection of pLKO-miR-410 plasmid directly into OIR mice also led to a trend towards decreased neovascularization. However, no significant difference was observed. <b>D</b>. qPCR analysis for VEGFA expression in both HUVECs and HRCECs before and after miR-410 interference by siRNA. VEGFA mRNA was significantly down-regulated with miR410 overexpression and up-regulated with miR-410 interference compared with controls. *P<0.05 <b>E</b>. qPCR analysis for VEGFA expression in murine retinas before and after miR-410 interference by siRNA. VEGFA mRNA was significantly down-regulated with miR410 overexpression and up-regulated with miR-410 interference compared with controls. *P<0.05 <b>F</b>. Western blot assay for VEGFA expression in murine retinas before and after miR-410 interference. Protein levels of VEGFA were also down-regulated with miR410 overexpression and up-regulated with miR-410 interference.</p

mRNA sequences of primers for VEGFA detection.

<p>mRNA sequences of primers for VEGFA detection.</p